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    • 专利摘要:
    VEHICLE CONTROL DEVICE An electronic control unit (12) calculates the amount of heat received from a thermal wax, for the temperature of the thermal wax, based on the amount of heat received calculated and the thermal capacity of the thermal wax, and controls a heater, so that the temperature of the thermal wax reaches a predetermined target value. In addition, the electronic control unit (12) changes the thermal capacity value, used to estimate the temperature of the thermal wax, depending on the variation of the estimated temperature of the thermal wax by the phase transition point of the thermal wax, in order to, preferably, control a change valve, which is operated by heating the thermal wax.
    公开号:BR112012004542B1
    申请号:R112012004542-3
    申请日:2009-12-04
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Shigeki Kinomura；Osamu Shintani；Taro Furukoshi；Atsushi Komada
    申请人:Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a control device for a vehicle, which includes a thermal wax change valve, which has a heating section, for heating the thermal wax, and is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying the thermal wax. . BACKGROUND
    [0002] A thermal wax change valve is often employed as a valve to change the flow of fluid in a fluid circuit, such as a refrigerant circuit in a water-cooled engine. The thermal wax change valve is selectively opened and closed by expansion and contraction, following the melting and solidification of the sealed thermal wax within a housing. A heater for heating the thermal wax is often provided to force this thermal wax change valve to open when necessary.
    [0003] A control device for a vehicle, including this thermal wax change valve, with a heater, has been proposed as described in Patent Document 1. The vehicle described in Patent Document 1 includes the thermal wax change valve mentioned above, in a hydraulic circuit of the engine, and a PTC heater, for heating the thermal wax of the change valve.
    [0004] The control device for a vehicle, described in Patent Document 1, includes an oil temperature sensor, which detects the oil temperature in the hydraulic circuit, and estimates the temperature of the thermal wax, based on the oil temperature detected by the sensor oil temperature. When opening the change valve, the PTC heater remains energized, until a sensor value of the oil temperature sensor is higher than the melting temperature of the thermal wax. PREVIOUS TECHNICAL DOCUMENT Patent Document
    [0005] Patent Document 1: Publication of Japanese registered patent number 2009-115075 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems that the invention will solve
    [0006] As described above, the conventional control device for a vehicle includes the temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the fluid flowing around the shift valve, and estimates the temperature of the thermal wax, based on the sensor value of the temperature sensor . However, in particular, in a case in which the temperature sensor and the change valve are arranged separately from each other, the sensor value of the temperature sensor and the temperature of the thermal wax will be different. If the temperature of the thermal wax is underestimated, the thermal wax is heated undesirably more than necessary, and a rubber and grease seal inside the change valve can deteriorate due to carbonization.
    [0007] Consequently, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control device for a vehicle, which controls a shift valve, which is operated by heating a thermal wax, in a suitable manner. Means for solving problems
    [0008] To achieve the object mentioned above, the present invention provides a control device for a vehicle. The vehicle includes a thermal wax change valve, which includes a heating section, for heating the thermal wax, and is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying the thermal wax. The control device includes a control section, which controls the heating state of the heating section, considering the variation in thermal capacity related to the phase transition of the thermal wax.
    [0009] In the thermal wax change valve mentioned above, including the heating section, there is a correlation between the degree of opening and the temperature of the thermal wax. By estimating the temperature of the thermal wax, and controlling the heating state of the heating section, based on the estimated temperature, the thermal wax is heated without deficiency or excess. The temperature of the thermal wax can be estimated based on a thermal model of the thermal wax. In this case, the thermal capacity of the thermal wax needs to be accurately obtained.
    [0010] The operation of the thermal wax change valve involves the phase transition of the thermal wax, and the phase transition involves varying the thermal capacity of the thermal wax. Thus, when estimating the temperature of the thermal wax, using the thermal model mentioned above, and controlling the heating state of the heating section, based on the estimated result, it is necessary to consider the variation of the thermal capacity relative to the phase transition. of the thermal wax. In this aspect, according to the configuration mentioned above, the heating state of the heating section is controlled considering the variation of the thermal capacity relative to the phase transition of the thermal wax. In this way, the heating state of the heating section is controlled while precisely controlling the temperature of the thermal wax. According to the structure mentioned above, the change valve, operated by heating the thermal wax, is properly controlled.
    [0011] To achieve the objects mentioned above, the present invention provides another control device for a vehicle. The vehicle includes a thermal wax change valve, which includes a heating section, for heating the thermal wax, and is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying the thermal wax. The control device includes a target valve adjustment section, a wax temperature estimation section, and a control section. The target value adjustment section sets a target value for the temperature of the thermal wax. The wax temperature estimation section computes the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, based on the amount of heat transferred from the heating section to the thermal wax, and the amount of heat transferred from the thermal wax to a fluid around the thermal wax, based on the amount of heat received and the thermal capacity of the thermal wax. The control section controls the heating section, so that the estimated temperature of the thermal wax is equal to the target value. The wax temperature estimation section changes the thermal capacity value, according to the variation of the estimated temperature of the thermal wax by the phase transition points of the thermal wax.
    [0012] The amount of heat received by the thermal wax, at the thermal wax change valve mentioned above, is calculated as a value obtained by dividing the amount of heat transferred from the heating section to the thermal wax by the amount of heat transferred from the thermal wax to the fluid around the change valve. By dividing the amount of heat received by the thermal wax by its thermal capacity, the degree of temperature variation of the thermal wax is obtained, and the temperature of the thermal wax can be calculated based on the result. Opening and closing the thermal wax change valve involves the phase transition of the thermal wax, from the solid phase to the coexisting solid-liquid phase and the liquid phase. The thermal capacity of the thermal wax is changed according to the phase transition. In this aspect, in the present invention, the value of the thermal capacity is changed according to the variation of the estimated temperature of the thermal wax by the phase transition points of the thermal wax, and the temperature of the thermal capacity is estimated by using the appropriate thermal capacity for the phase transition of the thermal wax. In this way, in the control device for a vehicle, according to the present invention, the temperature of the thermal wax is precisely determined, and the control of the change valve, operated by heating the thermal wax, is conducted in an appropriate manner.
    [0013] In a case in which the heating section is controlled based on the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, as described above, the target value of the temperature of the thermal wax, when there is a request to open the change valve, is preferably adjusted at a temperature less than or equal to the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve is fully open, that is, at the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve is fully open or at a temperature slightly below that, to avoid overheating of the wax heating section.
    [0014] Also, when the change valve is opened abruptly, the temperature of the fluid flowing around the change valve changes rapidly, and can interfere with control, based on the temperature of the fluid. Also in this case, the change valve is gradually opened and the rapid change in fluid temperature is prevented by retaining the target value at the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve has a minimum degree of opening, for a certain period of time. , and then adjust the target value to the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve is fully open.
    [0015] To further guarantee the operational response of the change valve, from the closed valve state to the open valve state, the temperature of the thermal wax of the change valve, while it is closed, is preferably pre-set by preheating. This preheating is conducted by adjusting the target value, when the change valve is closed, to a value in which the amount of heat received by the thermal wax is greater than "0", and which is lower than the temperature at which opening of the valve on the change valve starts.
    [0016] To further guarantee the operational response of the change valve, from the closed valve state to the open valve state, the temperature of the thermal wax of the change valve, while closed, is preferably maintained at the temperature that exists immediately before the shift valve starts to open. Therefore, the response of the change valve, when opening the valve is guaranteed by adjusting the target value of the temperature of the thermal wax, while the change valve is closed, to a value corresponding to a temperature of the thermal wax, which exists immediately before opening of the change valve is initiated.
    [0017] Hysteresis, which cannot be ignored, may exist in the relationship between the temperature of the thermal wax and the degree of opening of the change valve. That is, there may be a difference that cannot be ignored between the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the degree of opening of the change valve of a predetermined degree of opening X is obtained, when the degree of opening of the change valve is being changed in one direction of valve opening, and the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the degree of opening of the change valve of a predetermined degree of opening X is obtained when the degree of opening of the change valve is being changed in one direction closing valve. Also in this case, the target value of the estimated temperature of the thermal wax can be adjusted to different values in the case in which the degree of opening of the change valve is changed in the direction of opening of the valve, to obtain the degree of target opening, and in the in which case the degree of opening of the change valve is changed in the direction of closing of the valve, to obtain the target degree of opening, even if the degree of opening of the change valve is equal. In this way, the degree of opening of the change valve is properly controlled.
    [0018] The thermal capacity of the change valve thermal wax can vary from one unit to another, due to the variation with time and individual differences. In this case, the thermal capacity used to estimate the temperature of the thermal wax may differ from the effective thermal capacity of the thermal wax, and the temperature of the thermal wax cannot be estimated accurately. Also in this case, by detecting an open state of the change valve, and modification of the thermal capacity, according to the difference between the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, when the opening of the valve is detected, and the temperature of the thermal wax, in the which the change valve is actually open, the change in thermal capacity from one unit to another is learned and modified, and the temperature of the thermal wax is precisely estimated.
    [0019] To easily control the heating section, based on the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, the thermal wax is preferably heated by the heating section, when the estimated temperature of the thermal wax is lower than the target value, and the heating is preferably stopped if this is not the case.
    [0020] In the thermal wax change valve mentioned above, if the thermal capacity of the housing compared to the thermal capacity of the thermal wax cannot be ignored, it is necessary to consider the influence of the thermal wax of the housing on the temperature variation of the thermal wax, with respect to amount of heat received. In this situation, as the thermal capacity used to compute the degree of temperature variation of the thermal wax, the thermal capacity of the switch valve housing, in combination with the thermal wax, is used.
    [0021] The present invention can be applied to a vehicle equipped with a shift valve, located in a refrigerant circuit, which circulates a refrigerant to the engine. In particular, the present invention is applied to a vehicle, including a shift valve, which changes between allowing and stopping coolant circulation in the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0022] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of a vehicle refrigerant circuit, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the circulation of a refrigerant at an initial stage of heating in the refrigerant circuit. Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the circulation of the refrigerant at a later stage of heating in the refrigerant circuit. Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit, after heating is complete. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermal model of a thermal wax, used in the first embodiment. Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, with respect to the temperature of the wax and the degree of opening of the change valve, according to the first embodiment. Figure 7 is a graph showing the way to adjust the temperature of the target wax, according to the first embodiment. Figure 8 is a flowchart showing a routine for estimating the temperature of the wax, according to the first embodiment. Figure 9 is a flow chart showing a heater energization routine, according to the first embodiment. Figure 10 is a flowchart showing a temperature adjustment routine for the target wax, according to the first embodiment. Figure 11 is a graph showing the way to adjust a temperature of the target wax, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a graph showing the way to adjust the target wax temperature, in a case in which the degree of opening of the target change valve is adjusted with a certain margin. Figure 13 is a graph showing the variations of a sensor value of the refrigerant temperature sensor, before and after opening the change valve. Figure 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, with respect to the wax temperatures, when there is a difference between the calculated wax temperature and the effective wax temperature. WAYS TO CONDUCT THE INVENTION (First embodiment)
    [0023] A control device for a vehicle, according to a first embodiment of the present invention, will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 10. In that embodiment, the invention is applied to a vehicle, including a thermal wax change valve. , provided in a refrigerant circuit for circulation of engine refrigerant, in which circulation is selectively started and stopped.
    [0024] Figure 1 shows the configuration of the vehicle's refrigerant circuit, according to this embodiment. The refrigerant circuit includes an electric water pump 1, for circulating the refrigerant.
    [0025] As shown in Figure 1, in the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant passage is branched into a section downstream of the electric water pump 1 in a first conduit 2, which passes through an engine 3, and a second conduit 6, which passes through an EGR cooler 4 and a heater core 5. The first duct 2 is formed to pass through a cylinder block and a cylinder head of the engine 3, in that order. The first conduit 2 is connected to a shift valve 8, in a section downstream of the engine 3.
    [0026] The change valve 8 is formed as a flue change valve of the thermal wax type, which is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying a thermal wax. Also, the shift valve 8 includes a heater 9, which serves as a heating section for heating the thermal wax in the shift valve 8. After passing through a radiator 10, which transfers heat from the engine coolant to a downstream section of the change valve 8, the first conduit 2 is connected to a thermostat 7.
    [0027] Thermostat 7 is selectively opened and closed according to the temperature of the engine coolant, which flows around a temperature monitoring element inside thermostat 7. The engine coolant of the second duct 6, which passed through the EGR cooler 4 and through the heater core 5, flows into the temperature monitoring element. Thermostat 7 opens the valve when the engine coolant temperature, flowing into the temperature monitoring element, is high, and allows coolant to flow through the radiator 10.
    [0028] In addition, the refrigerant circuit includes a third conduit 11, which connects part of the second conduit 6, downstream of the EGR cooler 4, to the change valve 8, in the first conduit 2. The change valve 8 allows the refrigerant to flow through the third conduit 11, by opening the valve, and inhibits the flow of refrigerant through the third conduit 11, by closing the valve.
    [0029] The energization of heater 9, provided by the changeover valve 8, is controlled by an electronic control unit 12. Electronic control unit 12 is configured as a computing unit, including a central processing unit (CPU), an exclusive memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output (I / O) port. In the electronic control unit 12, the CPU performs computation processes associated with the heater power control 9, and the ROM stores programs and data for control. Also, RAM temporarily stores the CPU computation results and the sensor detection results. I / O introduces signals from, and transmits signals to, external devices.
    [0030] A coolant temperature sensor 13, which detects the coolant temperature of the engine, is connected to the inlet port of the electronic control unit 12. The coolant temperature sensor 13 is located in the vicinity of the coolant outlet of the cylinder head of the engine 3.
    [0031] In the refrigerant circuit configured as described above, the refrigerant flow from the engine is controlled in the manner described below, after engine 3 is put into use.
    [0032] Figure 2 shows the state of the refrigerant circuit in an initial heating stage. As shown in Figure 2, the shift valve 8 is now closed, so that the flow of the engine coolant through the third circuit 11 is stopped. Also, the thermostat 7 is, at that moment, closed and interrupts the flow of the refrigerant through the radiator 10, as long as the temperature of the engine refrigerant, which flows into the temperature monitoring element, is low. Therefore, the engine refrigerant is circulated, at that moment, only through the second circuit 6, in the refrigerant circuit. The circulation of the engine coolant in the engine 3 is interrupted, and the engine coolant, inside the engine 3, is kept warm by the heat generated by the engine 3. This promotes an increase in the temperature of the engine coolant inside the engine 3, and, thus, it promotes engine heating 3.
    [0033] Figure 3 shows the state of the refrigerant circuit at a later stage of heating. As shown in Figure 3, the shift valve 8 is opened at this time, and allows the engine coolant to flow through the third line 11.0 Thermostat 7 is, at this time, still closed, and stops the coolant from flowing through the radiator 10. Thus , in the refrigerant circuit, at that moment, the engine coolant, which has passed through engine 3, flows through the third duct 11, and the circulation of the coolant within engine 3 is initiated.
    [0034] Figure 4 shows the state of the refrigerant circuit, after heating is completed. As shown in Figure 4, the shift valve 8 is now closed, and the flow of the engine coolant through the third conduit 11 is stopped. Once the temperature of the engine coolant, which passes through the temperature monitoring element, is sufficiently increased, thermostat 7 being opened at that time. Thus, in the refrigerant circuit, at that moment, the engine coolant, which has passed through engine 3, flows to the radiator 10, and the heat, which the engine coolant has absorbed from engine 3, is transferred by the radiator 10.
    [0035] In this embodiment, the electronic control unit 12 estimates the temperature of the thermal wax of the change valve 8, using a thermal model when controlling the degree of opening of the change valve 8. The electronic control unit 12 then controls the degree of opening of the change valve 8 by controlling the heating state of the change valve 8, by controlling the heating state of the heater 9, so that the temperature of the estimated thermal wax is equal to a temperature of the target wax.
    [0036] Figure 5 shows the thermal model used to estimate the temperature of the thermal wax. In the thermal model, the amount of heat received by the thermal wax per unit of time (P - P_xw) is calculated using the amount of heat introduced P from heater 9 and the amount of heat P_xw, which is transferred from the thermal wax to the refrigerant of engine. Furthermore, the degree of temperature variation of the thermal wax per unit of time is calculated by dividing the amount of heat received by the thermal capacity of the thermal wax.
    [0037] The amount of heat P_xw is calculated as a value obtained by multiplying the difference value (T_x - T_w), between the estimated temperature of the engine coolant T_x and the temperature of the engine coolant T_w, by the thermal transfer coefficient K_xw of the thermal wax for the engine coolant. Also, in this embodiment, a sensor value of the coolant temperature sensor 13 is used as the coolant temperature T_w of the engine coolant, used for computing the amount of heat P_xw.
    [0038] In this physical model, the temperature of the thermal wax, when starting engine 3 (initial wax temperature T_xO) is considered to be equal to the refrigerant temperature of the engine refrigerant (initial refrigerant temperature T_w0). The estimated temperature T_x is obtained by integrating the degree of temperature variation per unit of time, computed based on the amount of heat received (P - P_xw) for the temperature of the initial wax T_x0.
    [0039] The selective opening and closing of the thermal wax change valve 8 involves the phase transition of the thermal wax, from a solid phase to a coexisting solid - liquid phase and a liquid phase. The thermal capacity of the thermal wax is changed according to the phase transition. In this embodiment, three values, including the thermal capacity of solid M_xs, the thermal capacity of coexisting solid - liquid M_xsl and the thermal capacity of liquid M_xl, are prepared as the thermal capacity of the thermal wax, used to compute the degree of temperature variation , and the values are changed according to the state of the thermal wax. That is, in this embodiment, the value of the thermal capacity is changed according to the variation of the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax by the phase transition points of the thermal wax.
    [0040] In this embodiment, the thermal capacities (M_xs, M_xsl, M_xl) are calculated as the thermal capacity of the thermal wax of the change valve 8, in combination with the housing to accommodate the change valve 8. That is, the thermal capacities represent the wax change of the valve housing and thermal wax 8.
    [0041] Conventionally, it is unnecessary to estimate the temperature using this model, since the thermostat is used in a region, with a relative margin. However, the temperature rise of the refrigerant is rapid due to water interruption, and it is necessary to estimate the temperature using the model mentioned above to prevent boiling of the refrigerant.
    [0042] Figure 6 shows the relationship between the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, with respect to the degree of opening of the change valve 8, and the temperature of the thermal wax. In this way, the change valve 8 can be opened by a degree of opening required by calculating the temperature of the thermal wax, necessary to open the change valve 8 by a necessary degree of opening (degree of opening of the target change valve), adjusting the calculated temperature as the temperature of the target wax, and controlling the heating state of heater 9, so that the temperature of the thermal wax, estimated according to the thermal model, is equal to the temperature of the target wax. As shown in Figure 6, the change valve 8 begins to open at the temperature of the thermal wax slightly above the temperature at the limit between the coexisting solid phase and the solid - liquid phase of the thermal wax, and is fully opened at the temperature of the thermal wax slightly above the temperature at the limit between the coexisting solid-liquid phase and the liquid phase of the thermal wax.
    [0043] The control of opening and closing of the change valve 8, based on the temperature of the thermostat, according to this embodiment, is conducted as follows. In this embodiment, the adjustment of the target wax temperature, under the conditions presented below, is carried out in the manner shown in Figure 7. (a) When shift valve 8 is fully open
    [0044] When executing heating control of heater 9, based on the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, as described above, in this embodiment, the temperature of the target wax, when there is a request for full opening of the change valve 8, is adjusted to be at, or slightly above, the temperature of the thermal wax, when the change valve 8 is fully open, to prevent overheating of the thermal wax by heater 9, in a suitable manner. (b) When shift valve 8 is fully closed
    [0045] If heater 9 is not energized, shift valve 8 is kept entirely closed. However, even when the shift valve 8 is fully closed, if the engine coolant in the cylinder head is boiling, the shift valve 8 needs to be urgently opened so that the engine coolant circulation in the engine is started and the boiling of the engine coolant is prevented. In this embodiment, to guarantee the valve opening response of the change valve 8, in the case described above, the electronic control unit 12 adjusts the temperature of the target wax, at the moment when the change valve 8 is entirely closed to a corresponding value at a temperature of the thermal wax, which exists just before the opening of the change valve 8 is initiated. That is, by preheating the thermal wax, the change valve 8 is maintained in a waiting state, in which the change valve 8 can be readily opened. If the thermal wax is preheated to any level, the operational response of the change valve 8, from a closed valve state to an open valve state, is improved compared to a case in which the thermal wax is not preheated. In this way, the amount of heat received is greater than 0, and the operational response of the change valve 8, from the closed state of the valve to the open state of the valve, is improved only by adjusting the target value of the change valve, while being closed, at a lower value than the temperature at which the opening of the change valve is initiated. (c) When the change valve 8 is changed from the closed state of the valve to the open state of the valve
    [0046] If the shift valve 8 is opened abruptly, the engine coolant temperature around the coolant temperature sensor 13 changes rapidly, and can prevent various types of engine controls, based on the result of the engine temperature detection. engine coolant. Also in this case, maintaining the temperature of the target wax at the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve 8 has a minimum degree of opening, for a certain period of time, and then adjusting the temperature of the target wax to the temperature of the thermal wax, at which the change valve 8 is fully open, and the value of the engine coolant temperature sensor is prevented from being changed abruptly.
    [0047] The shift valve 8 must be opened promptly to prevent boiling of the engine coolant in the cylinder head. In this case, the change valve 8 is not kept at the minimum opening degree for a certain period of time, but is immediately adjusted to the temperature of the target wax, when there is a request for full opening of the change valve 8.
    [0048] Figure 8 shows a flowchart of a wax temperature estimation routine, according to this embodiment. The process of this routine is initiated by the electronic control unit 12, when the engine 3 starts.
    [0049] When this routine is started, the electronic control unit 12 first reads the temperature of the refrigerant T_w0, at the start of the engine 3 in step S100. The electronic control unit 12 then sets the temperature of the refrigerant T_w0, at the start of the engine 3, as a temperature of the initial wax T_x0, in step S101.
    [0050] In the subsequent step S102, the electronic control unit 12 determines whether the thermal wax is in the solid phase. The determination is made based on whether the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is less than or equal to a limit temperature T_x1, between the solid phase and the coexisting solid - liquid phase of the thermal wax.
    [0051] If the thermal wax is solid (if the result of the S102 decision is positive), the electronic control unit 12 updates the estimated temperature value T_x of the thermal wax, according to the following equation (1) in step S103. T_x = T_x (previous value) + (P - P_xw) / M_xs ... (1) where P, in equation (1), and the amount of heat introduced from heater 9, P-_xw is the amount of heat transferred from the thermal wax to the engine coolant, and M_xs is the solid thermal capacity of the thermal wax.
    [0052] In the subsequent step S104, the electronic control unit 12 determines whether the thermal wax is, at that moment, in the solid - liquid coexisting phase. The determination is made based on whether the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is greater than the limit temperature T_x1, between the solid phase and the coexisting solid phase - liquid of the thermal wax, and is lower than a limit temperature T_x2, between the phase coexisting solid - liquid and the liquid phase.
    [0053] If the thermal wax is in the solid - liquid coexisting phase (if the decision result of S104 is positive), the electronic control unit 12 updates the estimated temperature value T_x of the thermal wax, according to the following equation (2), in step S105. T_x = T_x (previous value) + (P - P_xw) / M_xsl ... (2) where M_xsl, in equation (2), is the coexisting thermal - liquid thermal capacity of the thermal wax.
    [0054] In the subsequent step S106, the electronic control unit 12 determines whether the present thermal wax is in the liquid phase. The determination is made based on whether the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is higher than the limit temperature T_x1, between the liquid phase and the solid - liquid coexisting phase.
    [0055] If the thermal wax is in the liquid phase (if the result of the S106 decision is positive), the electronic control unit 12 updates the estimated temperature value T_x of the thermal wax, according to the following equation (3), in step S107 . T_x = T_x (previous value) + (P - P_xw) / M_xl ... (3) where M_xl, in equation (3), is the liquid thermal capacity of the thermal wax.
    [0056] As described above, after updating the estimated refrigerant circuit temperature T_x, the electronic control unit 12 returns to step S102, in the next control cycle, and repeatedly updates the estimated temperature T_x.
    [0057] Figure 9 shows a flow chart of a heater energization routine, according to this embodiment. The process of this routine is conducted repeatedly according to a predetermined number of control cycles by the electronic control unit 12.
    [0058] When this routine is initiated, the electronic control unit 12 determines whether the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is lower than the temperature of the target wax, in a wax temperature adjustment routine in step S200, as described below. Then, if the estimated temperature T_x is lower than the temperature of the target wax (if the result of the S201 decision is positive), the electronic control unit 12 turns on the energization of heater 9, in step S201. If this is not the case (if the result of the S201 decision is negative), the electronic control unit 12 turns off the energization of heater 9, in step S202, and ends the process of the present routine. In that embodiment, when the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is below the temperature of the target wax, heater 9 heats the thermal wax, and if this is not the case, heating is stopped.
    [0059] Figure 10 shows a flow chart of the wax temperature adjustment routine, according to this embodiment. The process of this routine is started immediately after starting the engine 3 by the electronic control unit 12.
    [0060] When this routine is started, the electronic control unit 12 first checks if there is a request to open the change valve 8, in step S300. If there is no opening order (if the result of the S300 decision is negative), the electronic control unit 12 goes to step S301, and sets the temperature of the target wax to a temperature of the wax for preheating in step S301, and returns to the process of step S300, after the predetermined control cycles.
    [0061] If there is an opening order (if the result of the S300 decision is positive), the electronic control unit 12 checks if there is an order to avoid the abrupt variation in the refrigerant temperature sensor value. That is, the electronic control unit 12 determines whether the shift valve 8 needs to be opened urgently to prevent boiling.
    [0062] If there is a request to avoid the abrupt change in the refrigerant temperature sensor value (if the result of the S302 decision is positive), the electronic control unit 12 adjusts the temperature of the target wax to the temperature of the wax at which the change 8 has the minimum degree of opening, for a certain period of time, in step S303, and then adjusts the temperature of the target wax to the temperature of the wax in which the change valve 8 is fully open, in step S304. The electronic control unit 12 then returns to the process of step S300, after the predetermined control cycles.
    [0063] If there is no request to avoid an abrupt change in the refrigerant temperature sensor value (if the result of the S302 decision is negative), the electronic control unit 12 immediately proceeds to step S304, and adjusts the target wax temperature at the temperature of the wax at which the change valve 8 is fully open. Subsequently, the electronic control unit 12 returns to the process of step S300, after the predetermined control cycles.
    [0064] In the embodiment described above, heater 9 corresponds to the heating section. Also, in this embodiment, the electronic control unit 12 performs the processes conducted by a target value adjustment section, a wax temperature estimation section, and a control section. This embodiment has the following advantages.
    [0065] (1) According to this embodiment, in the vehicle equipped with the thermal wax change valve 8, which includes heater 9, for heating the thermal wax, and is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying the thermal wax, the unit electronic control 12 controls the heating state of the heater 9, considering the variation of the thermal capacity relative to the phase transition of the thermal wax. More specifically, the electronic control unit 12 performs the following: adjustment of the target wax temperature, which is the target value of the thermal wax temperature; computation of the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, based on the amount of heat transferred from heater 9 to the thermal wax (amount of heat introduced P) and the amount of heat P_xw, transferred from the thermal wax to the engine coolant around the change valve 8, and estimate of the temperature of the thermal wax (estimated temperature T_x), based on the amount of heat received and the thermal capacity of the thermal wax; control of heater 9, so that the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is equal to the temperature of the target wax; change of the thermal capacity value, used to compute the estimated temperature T_x, according to the variation of the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax by the phase transition points of the thermal wax. The amount of heat received by the thermal wax from the thermal wax change valve 8 mentioned above is calculated with a value (P - P_xw), obtained by dividing the amount of heat (P_xw), transferred to the fluid around the change valve of the thermal wax, by the amount of heat (amount of heat introduced), transferred from the heater 9 to the thermal wax. By dividing the amount of heat received by the thermal wax by the thermal capacity, the degree of temperature variation of the thermal wax is calculated, and the temperature of the thermal wax can be calculated from the result. The opening and closing of the thermal wax change valve 8 involves the phase transition of the thermal wax, from the solid phase to the coexisting solid phase - liquid and liquid phase, and the thermal capacity of the thermal wax is changed according to the transition. phase. In this aspect, according to this embodiment, the value of the thermal capacity is changed according to the variation of the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax, by the phase transition points of the thermal wax, and the temperature of the thermal wax is estimated using the adequate thermal capacity for the phase transition of the thermal wax. In this way, in the control device for a vehicle according to this embodiment, the temperature of the thermal wax is precisely obtained, and the change valve, operated by heating the thermal wax, is controlled in an appropriate manner. (2) In this embodiment, the temperature of the target wax, when there is a request for full opening of the change valve 8, is set at a temperature slightly below the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve 8 is fully open. In this way, overheating of the thermal wax by heater 9 is suitably prevented. (3) In this embodiment, when opening the change valve 8, there is a request to reduce the opening speed of the valve, the temperature of the target wax is maintained at the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve 8 has the degree of minimum opening, for the given period of time. Then, the target value is adjusted to the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve 8 is fully open. In this way, the change valve 8 is opened gradually, and the abrupt temperature variation of the fluid is prevented. (4) In this embodiment, the temperature of the target wax, when the change valve 8 is fully closed, is adjusted to the value corresponding to a temperature of the thermal wax, which exists just before the change valve 8 starts to open. This ensures the response of the valve opening of the shift valve 8. (5) In this embodiment, when the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax is below the temperature of the target wax, the thermal wax is heated by heater 9, and if this is not the case, heating is stopped. In this way, heater 9 is easily controlled, based on the estimated temperature of the thermal wax. (6) In this embodiment, the thermal capacity of the change valve housing 8, in combination with that of the thermal wax, is used as the thermal capacity used to compute the degree of temperature variation of the thermal wax. In this way, even if the thermal capacity of the wrapper, with respect to the thermal capacity of the thermal wax, is so large that it cannot be ignored, the temperature of the thermal wax is precisely estimated. (7) In this embodiment, since the change valve 8 is adequately controlled by precisely obtaining the temperature of the thermal wax, the deterioration due to the carbonization of the rubber seal and grease inside the change valve 8, due to overheating, is prevented properly. (Second embodiment)
    [0066] Subsequently, a control device for a vehicle, according to the second device of the present invention, will be described below, with reference to Figures 11 and 12. In this embodiment, the way of adjusting the temperature of the target wax is changed, but other parts are common to the first embodiment.
    [0067] Hysteresis, which cannot be ignored, exists in the relationship between the temperature of the thermal wax and the degree of opening of the change valve. That is, there may be a difference that cannot be ignored between the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the degree of opening of the change valve of a predetermined degree of opening X is obtained, when the degree of opening of the change valve is being changed in one direction of valve opening, and the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the degree of opening of the change valve of a predetermined degree of opening X is obtained when the degree of opening of the change valve is being changed in one direction closing valve. Also in this case, even if the target opening degree of the change valve 8 is the same, the temperature of the target wax can be adjusted to different values, in the case in which the opening degree of the change valve is changed in the opening direction of the opening. valve, to obtain the target degree of opening, and in the case in which the degree of opening of the change valve is changed in the direction of closing of the valve, to obtain the target degree of opening. In this way, the degree of opening of the shift valve 8 is adequately controlled.
    [0068] More specifically, in this embodiment, even if the degree of opening of the target change valve is equal, different temperatures of the target wax are used in the case where the change valve 8 is activated in the direction of opening of the valve by activating the energization, and , in the case where the change valve 8 is activated in the direction of closing the valve, by deactivating the energization, as shown in Figure 11. That is, when activating the change valve 8 in the direction of the valve opening, by activation of the e-energization, the temperature of the thermal wax, at a P1 intersection of the degree of opening of the target change valve and of an operational line Lon of the change valve 8, when the energization is activated, is adjusted as the temperature of the target wax , and the temperature of the thermal wax, at a P2 intersection of the degree of openness of the target change valve and an operational line Loff of the change valve 8, when the energization is deactivated, is set to T_x. Thus, even when there is hysteresis in the relationship between the temperature of the thermal wax and the degree of opening of the change valve, the degree of opening of the change valve is adequately controlled, based on the temperature of the thermal wax.
    [0069] In a case in which the degree of openness of the target shift valve is adjusted to a certain extent, as shown in Figure 12, when power is turned on, so that shift valve 8 is activated in the direction of opening the valve, the temperature of the thermal wax, at a P3 intersection of the upper limit value of the degree of opening of the target change valve and the Lon operating line of the change valve 8, when energization is activated, is set to the temperature of the target wax. Also, when the change valve 8 is activated in the direction of opening of the valve by activating the energization, the temperature of the thermal wax, at a P4 intersection of the upper limit value of the degree of opening of the target change valve and the operational line Loff of the change valve 8, when the energization is deactivated, it is adjusted as the temperature of the target wax. (Third embodiment)
    [0070] Subsequently, a control device for a vehicle, according to a second device of the present invention, will then be described with reference to Figures 13 and 14. This embodiment is common to the embodiments mentioned above, except that a process of modifying and learning the thermal capacity of the thermal wax is conducted.
    [0071] The thermal capacity of the thermal wax of the change valve 8 can vary from one unit to another, due to the variation with time and individual differences. In this case, the thermal capacity used to estimate the temperature of the thermal wax differs from the effective thermal capacity of the thermal wax, and the temperature of the thermal wax cannot be estimated accurately.
    [0072] In this embodiment, an open state of the change valve 8 is detected, and the thermal capacity is modified according to the difference between the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, when the opening of the change valve 8 is detected, and the temperature of the wax temperature in which the change valve actually opens. Consequently, the variation in thermal capacity, from one unit to another, is modified and attached, and the temperature of the thermal wax is accurately estimated.
    [0073] The open state of the shift valve 8 is detected as shown below. As described above, the first conduit 2 of the vehicle's refrigerant circuit, according to this embodiment, is formed to pass through the cylinder block of the engine 3, and then through the cylinder head. Also, the coolant temperature sensor 13 is arranged in the vicinity of the coolant outlet of the cylinder head. In this case, when the shift valve 8, in the fully closed state, is opened, and the circulation of the engine coolant in the engine 3 starts, first, the engine coolant, located in the cylinder head, passes through the mounting position of the refrigerant temperature sensor 13.
    [0074] When the circulation of the engine coolant is interrupted, the temperature of the engine coolant in the cylinder head is higher than that of the engine coolant in the cylinder block. Therefore, the sensor value of the refrigerant temperature sensor 13, before and after the change valve 8 is opened, reaches a peak immediately after the change valve 8 is opened, as shown in Figure 13. Since the peak does not appears at other times than when the change valve 8 is open, the open state of the change valve 8 can be detected. That is, in that embodiment, the electronic control unit 12 determines that the shift valve 8 is open, according to the appearance of the peak of the sensor value of the engine coolant temperature sensor 13.
    [0075] Figure 14 shows the relationship between the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, with respect to the calculated wax temperature, that is, the estimated temperature T_x and the effective wax temperature, when there is a difference between them. This difference is generated when the thermal capacities (M_xs, M_xsl, M_xl), used to calculate the estimated temperature T_x, differ from the effective values.
    [0076] If the thermal wax becomes solid, before starting to open the valve, the temperature of the thermal wax (estimated temperature T_x) is represented by the following equation (4): T_x = T_x0 + ∫ (P - P_xw) dt / M_xs ... (4) where T_x0 is the initial temperature of the thermal wax, P is the amount of heat introduced from heater 9, P_xw is the amount of heat transferred from the thermal wax to the engine coolant, and M_xs is the solid thermal capacity of the thermal wax.
    [0077] The amount of heat received by the thermal wax, until an opening state of the change valve 8 is detected, is represented by ∫ (P - P_xw) dt / M_xs. Thus, the effective solid thermal capacity M_xs' of the thermal wax has a value that satisfies the following equation (5): Start valve temperature of the change valve = T_x0 + ∫ (P -P_xw) dt / M_xs' ... (5)
    [0078] Therefore, a suitable temperature of the thermal wax can be estimated by modifying the thermal thermal solid capacity of the thermal wax to a value M_xs', which satisfies equation (5) presented above.
    [0079] Although the M_xs solid thermal capacity of the thermal wax is very important for determining an open state of the change valve 8, the error in the coexisting solid-liquid thermal capacity, M_xsl, and the liquid thermal capacity, M_xl, influences the degree of opening of the shift valve 8 by a relatively small degree. Therefore, in the third embodiment, only the modification and learning of the thermal capacity of the solid, M_xs, is conducted to reduce the circulation load. If necessary, of course, M_xsl and M_xl can be modified by multiplying by M_xs' / M_xs.
    [0080] According to this embodiment, the temperature of the thermal wax is accurately estimated, regardless of the variation of the thermal wax of the thermal wax.
    [0081] In this embodiment, the electronic control unit 12 is configured to conduct processes, such as a detection section, to detect an open state of the change valve 8, and a modification section, to modify the thermal capacity, according to the difference between the estimated temperature T_x of the thermal wax, when the valve opening of the change valve 8 is detected, and the temperature of the thermal wax, at which the change valve 8 is actually open. All embodiments can be modified as shown below.
    [0082] In the embodiments shown above, the sensor value of the coolant temperature sensor 13 is used as the coolant temperature T_w of the engine coolant, used to compute the amount of heat P_xw transferred from the thermal wax to the engine coolant. However, if the shift valve 8 and the coolant temperature sensor 13 are arranged separately, and the circulation of the engine coolant in engine 3 is interrupted, the sensor value of the coolant temperature sensor 13 and the engine coolant temperature around the shift valve 8 may be different. In this case, a value obtained by multiplying the amount of total fuel, ga, of engine 3, by a given K1 coefficient, represents the temperature increase of the engine coolant, around the shift valve 8, by the heat of the engine 3, and the temperature of the refrigerant, around the change valve 8, can be computed by the following equation (6): T_w = T_w0 + K1 x ∫ga dt ... (6) where T_w0, in equation (6), is the temperature of the initial coolant, that is, the value of the coolant temperature sensor, at the beginning of the engine start. Also, the value obtained by multiplying the amount of total fuel, ga, by a given K2 coefficient, can be used as a value corresponding to the difference between the value of the coolant temperature sensor and the engine coolant temperature, around of the change valve 8, and the engine coolant temperature around the change valve 8, can be computed by the following equation (7): T_w = Thw + K2 x ∫ga dt ... (7) where Thw is, in equation (7), the refrigerant temperature sensor value.
    [0083] In the third embodiment, the valve opening of the change valve 8 is detected by the appearance of the peak of the refrigerant temperature sensor value, but the valve opening of the change valve 8 can be detected by another method. For example, a degree of opening sensor can be provided on the change valve 8, and the valve opening on the change valve 8 can be detected directly based on the detection result of the sensor. Alternatively, a sensor to detect water flow in the third conduit 11 can be provided, and the valve opening of the change valve 8 can be detected indirectly by the presence and absence of water flow in the third conduit 11.
    [0084] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the thermal capacity of the change valve housing 8, in combination with that of the thermal wax, is used as the thermal capacities (M_xs, M_xsl, M_xl), but if the thermal capacity of the housing is small, its influence can be ignored, and only the thermal capacity of the thermal wax can be used.
    [0085] In the above-mentioned embodiments, after maintaining the target wax temperature at the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve 8 has the minimum opening degree for the given period of time, the temperature of the target wax is adjusted to the temperature of the thermal wax , in which the change valve 8 is fully open, to avoid a rapid variation in the value of the refrigerant temperature sensor. Of course, in a case in which the rapid change in the refrigerant temperature sensor value does not cause a problem, or in a case in which a rapid response from a changing valve cover state is required, the temperature of the wax target can be adjusted to the temperature of the thermal wax at which the change valve 8 is fully open from the start.
    [0086] In the embodiments mentioned above, heater 9 is preheated to ensure the opening response of the shift valve 8. However, preheating may not be conducted if a high valve opening response is not required, and electrical consumption, during standby , can be reduced.
    [0087] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the temperature of the target wax is adjusted based on three cases, including when the change valve 8 is fully open, when fully closed, and when transferring from the closed to the open state. However, if more precise control of the degree of opening of the shift valve is required, a finer target wax temperature adjustment can be conducted.
    [0088] In the embodiments mentioned above, the heating state of heater 9 is controlled only by enabling and disabling energization. However, if more precise control of the degree of opening of the shift valve is necessary, the degree of energization of heater 9 can be finely controlled.
    [0089] A model different from the embodiments mentioned above can be used as the thermal model, associated with the computation of the estimated temperature of the thermal wax.
    [0090] As the heating section for heating the thermal wax of the change valve 8, any control device, such as a hot wire heater, a PTC heater, and a thermal pump, can be used.
    [0091] In the embodiments mentioned above, the present invention is represented in the control of the shift valve 8, which changes the presence and absence of water flow in the engine 3. However, the present invention can be represented in the control of a shift valve different from that in the vehicle's refrigerant circuit, such as a valve that changes the presence and absence of water flow in the radiator. Also, the present invention can be represented in the control of a change valve, located in other places than in the refrigerant circuit, such as a valve provided in a hydraulic circuit of the engine, and which changes the oil flow in the hydraulic circuit. DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0092] 1. Electric water pump; 2. First conduit; 3. Engine; 4. EGR cooler; 5. Heater core; 6. Second conduit; 7. Thermostat; 8. Thermal wax change valve; 9. Heater (heating section); 10. Radiator; 11. Third conduit; 12. Electronic control unit, target value adjustment section, wax temperature estimation section; 13. Refrigerant temperature sensor.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    Control device for a vehicle, whose vehicle includes a thermal wax change valve (8), which includes a heating section (9), for heating the thermal wax, and is selectively opened and closed by melting and solidifying the thermal wax, the control device comprising: a target value adjustment section (12), which sets a target value for the temperature of the thermal wax; a wax temperature estimation section (12), which computes the amount of heat received by the thermal wax, based on the amount of heat, transferred from the heating section (9) to the thermal wax, and the amount of heat, transferred from the thermal wax to a fluid, around the change valve (8), and which estimates the temperature of the thermal wax based on the amount of heat received and the thermal capacity of the thermal wax; and a control section (12) to control the heating section (9), so that the estimated temperature of the thermal wax is equal to the target value, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the wax temperature estimation section (12) changes the thermal capacity value, according to the estimated temperature variation of the thermal wax by the thermal transition phase transition points.
    [0002]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the target value adjustment section adjusts the target value (12), when there is a request for opening the change valve (8), to a temperature less than or equal to the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve (8) is fully open.
    [0003]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that, in the event of a change valve opening (8), when there is a request to reduce the valve opening speed, the section target value adjustment (12) maintains the target value at the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve (8) has a minimum degree of opening, for a certain period of time, and then adjusts the target value at the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the change valve (8) is fully open.
    [0004]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to any of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the target value adjustment section (12) adjusts the target value when the shift valve (8) is closed, at a value at which the amount of heat received by the thermal wax is greater than 0 and at a value which is less than the temperature at which the opening of the change valve (8) is initiated.
    [0005]
    Control device for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the target value adjustment section (12) adjusts the target value when the shift valve (8) is closed, to a value corresponding to a temperature of the thermal wax, which exists immediately before the opening of the change valve (8) is initiated.
    [0006]
    Control device for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that, even if the degree of opening of the shift valve (8) is set to the same degree of target opening, the target value is set to different values, in a case in which the degree of opening of the change valve (8) is changed in a direction of opening of the valve, to obtain the target degree of opening, and in a case in which the degree of opening of the change valve (8) is changed in a valve closing direction, to obtain the target degree of opening.
    [0007]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it further comprises: a detection section for detecting an open state of the change valve (8); and a modification section, which modifies the thermal capacity according to the difference between the estimated temperature of the thermal wax, when detecting an open state of the change valve (8), and the temperature of the thermal wax, in which the heating valve change (8) is effectively open.
    [0008]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to any of claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that, when the estimated temperature of the thermal wax is below the target value, the control section (12) heats the thermal wax by heating section (9), and if this is not the case, the control section (12) stops heating.
    [0009]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the thermal capacity is calculated as the thermal capacity of a combination valve (8) and thermal wax.
    [0010]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to any of claims 1 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the change valve (8) is located in a refrigerant circuit, which circulates an engine refrigerant.
    [0011]
    Control device for a vehicle, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the change valve (8) changes between circulation and interruption of the refrigerant inside the engine.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN102713193B|2014-09-03|
    EP2447498A4|2012-11-28|
    BR112012004542A2|2016-03-29|
    CN102713193A|2012-10-03|
    EP2447498A1|2012-05-02|
    WO2011067861A1|2011-06-09|
    US9188054B2|2015-11-17|
    JP5310868B2|2013-10-09|
    IN2012DN01865A|2015-07-17|
    JPWO2011067861A1|2013-04-18|
    RU2500903C2|2013-12-10|
    EP2447498B1|2014-03-26|
    US20120111956A1|2012-05-10|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-06-11| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2020-11-10| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/01/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/JP2009/070427|WO2011067861A1|2009-12-04|2009-12-04|Control device for vehicle|
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